Common Symptoms
Multifocal Retinopathy 3 is an inherited disorder of the Retina affecting dogs. Affected dogs typically present between 9 months and 2 years of age with multiple discrete circular areas of retinal detachment with underlying fluid accumulation that are visible on an eye exam performed by a veterinarian. These blister-like lesions are typically found in both eyes and can appear gray, tan, orange or pink and vary in number, size and location. Some affected dogs also present with obvious retinal folding. Progression of retinal changes is usually slow. Occasionally as affected dogs age, lesions appear to heal and are no longer visible on an eye exam. Generally the dog’s vision is not affected although vision loss has been described in some cases of multifocal retinopathy 3.
Breed-Specific Information for the Swedish Lapphund
Swedish Lapphund is included as a breed susceptible to multifocal retinopathy 3 because of its close relatedness to the Lapponian Herder breed, which is known to develop this disease due to Mutation of the BEST1 gene. The frequency of the causal mutation in the general Swedish Lapphund population is unknown.
Testing Tips
Genetic testing of the BEST1 gene in Swedish Lapphunds will reliably determine whether a dog is a genetic Carrier of multifocal retinopathy 3. Multifocal Retinopathy 3 is inherited in an Autosomal Recessive manner in dogs meaning that they typically must receive two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to develop the disease. Although uncommon, carrier dogs may present with mild symptoms. Carriers that are bred with another carrier of the same Mutation, have a risk of having affected pups. Each pup that is born to this pairing has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease and a 50% chance of inheriting one copy and being a carrier of the BEST1 gene mutation. Reliable genetic testing is important for determining breeding practices. Because visual deficits are generally not noted and lesions can regress as affected dogs age, genetic testing should be performed before breeding. In order to eliminate this mutation from breeding lines and to avoid the potential of producing affected pups, breeding of known carriers to each other is not recommended. Dogs that are not carriers of the mutation have no increased risk of having affected pups.
There may be other causes of this condition in dogs and a normal result does not exclude a different mutation in this gene or any other gene that may result in a similar genetic disease or trait.
References
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Zangerl B, Wickström K, Slavik J, Lindauer SJ, Ahonen S, Schelling C, Lohi H, Guziewicz KE, Aguirre GD. Assessment of canine BEST1 variations identifies new mutations and establishes an independent bestrophinopathy model (cmr3). Mol Vis. 2010 Dec 16; 16:2791-804.
[PubMed: 21197113]
